Chapter 3 From Mahajanpad Era to Satvahan Era
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MP Board Class 8 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 3 From Mahajanpad Era to Satvahan Era
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MP Board Class 8 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 3 From Mahajanpad Era to Satvahan Era
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MP Board Class 8 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 3 From Mahajanpad Era to Satvahan Era
- Mahajanapada Era: Formed before the 6th century B.C. when powerful Janapadas conquered smaller ones. Chedi and Avanti were the two main Mahajanapadas in Madhya Pradesh.
- Chedi Mahajanapada: Extended from present-day Madhya Pradesh to Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh. Its capital was Shuktimati. References are found in Jatak Kathas and the Mahabharata.
- Avanti Mahajanapada: Covered the Malwa region, split into North Avanti (Capital: Ujjain) and South Avanti (Capital: Mahishmati / Maheshwar). Vidisha and Aeran were its major cities. Ruled by the cruel king Mahasen Chandprachhota.
- Maurya Dynasty: Founded by Chandragupta Maurya after dethroning the Nandas. Ashoka (his grandson) ruled Avanti for 11 years during Bindusara's reign. Ashoka married Devi of Vidisha and sent his children Mahendra and Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to preach Buddhism.
- Shunga Dynasty: Founded in 184 B.C. by Pushyamitra Shunga (army commander) after killing the last Maurya king, Brihadratha. Pushyamitra's son Agnimitra ruled from Vidisha. Kalidasa's Malvikagnimitra mentions this dynasty.
- Satvahana Dynasty: Entered Malwa from the South, ruling over Tripuri, Vidisha, and areas up to the Narmada river.
- Nag Dynasty: Ruled over Padmavati (Pawaya near Gwalior) and Western Bundelkhand in the 1st century A.D.
- Shaka and Kardmak: The Kardmak dynasty was founded by Chashtan, with its capital at Ujjain. Chashtan's grandson, Rudradama, was a brave ruler controlling East and West Malwa.
1. Mauryas ruled after Nandas. (Note: As per the text flow, Mauryas succeeded the Nanda dynasty in Magadha/MP region).
2. In the Mahajanpad era, sixteen (implied historical context) / multiple Mahajanpads were in existence.
3. According to Buddhist Literature, Pradyot was adorned with the title of 'Mahasen' for his courage and valour.
4. Ashok sent his daughter Sanghamitra and son Mahendra to Sri Lanka to preach Buddhism.
Answer :
1. Mauryas ruled after Nandas. (Note: As per the text flow, Mauryas succeeded the Nanda dynasty in Magadha/MP region).
2. In the Mahajanpad era, sixteen (implied historical context) / multiple Mahajanpads were in existence.
3. According to Buddhist Literature, Pradyot was adorned with the title of 'Mahasen' for his courage and valour.
4. Ashok sent his daughter Sanghamitra and son Mahendra to Sri Lanka to preach Buddhism.
Q.II. Answer in short:
1. Which main empires existed during the Buddhist Era? Which one of them was related to Madhya Pradesh?
Answer : The four large empires during the Buddhist Era were Avanti, Kaushal, Vatsa, and Magadha. Out of these, Avanti was directly related to Madhya Pradesh (covering the Malwa region).
2. Which were the main Mahajanapadas in Madhya Pradesh? How far did they extend?
Answer : The two main Mahajanapadas in Madhya Pradesh were Chedi and Avanti:
- Chedi: Extended from present Madhya Pradesh to Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh (Capital: Shuktimati).
- Avanti: Extended through the Malwa region, divided into North Avanti (Ujjain) and South Avanti (Mahishmati/Maheshwar).
3. Explain the importance of Madhya Pradesh during Mauryan Era.
Answer : Madhya Pradesh held immense political and cultural importance during the Mauryan Era:
- Ashoka governed Avanti (Malwa) for eleven years before becoming emperor.
- Ashoka married Devi, the daughter of the Nagarseth of Vidisha.
- It was a period of peace and prosperity.
- Numerous architectural wonders were built, including stupas at Ujjain, Kasravadin (Nimad), Sanchi (Vidisha), and Bharhut (Satna).
- Pillars and stone inscriptions have been discovered at Roopnath (Jabalpur), Besnagar (Vidisha), Pawaya (Gwalior), Aeran (Sagar), and Gurjara (Datia), proving deep Mauryan influence.
4. What are the evidences of Shunga reign in our state?
Answer : The primary evidences of the Shunga rule in Madhya Pradesh include:
- Agnimitra's Rule: Pushyamitra's son, Agnimitra, lived and ruled from Vidisha.
- Inscriptions: Stone inscriptions found in Ahut (Vindhya region).
- Literary Evidence: Kalidasa's drama Malvikagnimitra and Bana's Harshacharita mention Pushyamitra Shunga as a Brahmin king.
- Architectural Additions: The size of the Sanchi Stupa was extended, and an altar (Vedica), boundary wall, and main entrance gate (Toran dwar) were constructed at Bharhut during this era.
5. Which parts of the state were ruled by Nag rulers?
Answer : The Gwalior region and Western Bundelkhand were under the domain of the Nag rulers. Their capital was at Padmavati (modern Pawaya near Gwalior), and Puranas mention their rule over Vidisha for nine centuries.
6. Where were the coins of Kardmak dynasty found in Madhya Pradesh?
Answer :
- The coins issued by Chashtan (founder of the Kardmak dynasty) have been found in Ujjain, Vidisha, and Shivpuri.
- Coins issued by Rudradama's heirs have also been discovered in different parts of Madhya Pradesh.
Related Searches
- Chapter 1. From the Stone Age to Copper Stone Age
- Chapter 2. Madhya Pradesh during Vedic Period
